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19世纪末20世纪初西方大国正处在资本扩张时期,借款作为资本输出相对稳定的项目,成为列强在华殖民竞争的重要领域。本文梳理了近代德国对华借款的内容、形式和作用,探索德国如何通过军政借款、实业借款和其他形式的借款,步步渗入中国的各个领域的过程,并在此基础上,分析德国作为后起资本主义国家,如何通过合作与竞争方式逐步在政治和经济上渗透到中国殖民统治中,对中国近代经济的发展产生的双重作用。
The late 19th century and the early 20th century saw the Western powers at a time of capital expansion. Borrowing, as a relatively stable capital output project, became an important area for the colonial powers’ colonial competition in China. This article reviews the contents, forms and functions of German borrowing in China in modern times. It explores how Germany penetrates into all fields of China step by step through military and government loans, industrial loans and other forms of borrowings. Based on this analysis, How the capitalist countries, through cooperation and competition, gradually penetrate into China’s colonial rule politically and economically, have a dual role in the development of China’s modern economy.