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Objective: To evaluate the effect of magnetic nanoparticle containing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) targeting in treating cholangiocarcinoma based on inteal magnetic fields built inside the tumor.Methods: 32 nude mice of BABL/C bearing ectopic tumor were built by subcutaneouly injecting cholangiocarcinoma cell line QBC 939.Three weeks after tumor inoculation,the animal models were divided equally into four groups at random including: (a) group A,consisting of inteal magnetic field built by magnetic biliary stent wires inserted into tumor tissue and receiving magnetic nanoparticles containing 5-FU administered via tail vein injection at 250 mg/kg for consecutive five days; (b) group B,receiving placebo (sodium chloride); (c) group C,receiving pure magnetic biliary stent wires without the applying of magnetic nanoparticles; (d) group D,consisting of exteal magnetic fields and the same treatment of magnetic nanoparticles containing 5-FU as group A.The tumor volumes were measured every 3 days,totally six times from treatment started.Tumor tissues were observed by transmission electron microscope when the nude mice were killed after the observation period.Results: The experimental group (group A) showed significantly therapeutic efficacy.Moreover,apoptosis of tumor cells could be easily detected in this group.Conclusion: Magnetic particles containing5-FU combined with inteal magnetic field can effectively treat cholangiocarcinoma,and its therapeutic efficacy is better than that of the traditional method based on exteal magnetic fields.