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目的:研究西洋参果实及种子的生长发育,揭示种胚在形态发育的停滞过程。方法:田间观察西洋参开花习性,定期取样测定果实及种子大小和干鲜重;徒手解剖、石蜡切片法观察种胚形态发育。结果:西洋参植株于首次开花后5～8 d达到最大开花数;果实及种子的形态大小和干鲜重均在果实成熟期达到最大;种胚在植株上历经球形胚、三角形胚、心形胚和鱼雷形胚期4个阶段,于开花后70 d左右发育停滞。结论:西洋参种子胚滞育始于鱼雷形胚期,这为西洋参种子形态后熟研究提供了一定依据。
OBJECTIVE: To study the growth and development of American ginseng fruit and seed, and to reveal the stagnation process of embryo development in morphology. Methods: The flowering habits of American ginseng were observed in the field, and the fruits, seed size, fresh and dry weight were measured regularly. The embryo morphology was observed by hand dissection and paraffin section. Results: The maximum number of flowering of American ginseng plants reached at 5 ~ 8 d after the first flowering. The morphological size and dry weight of fruits and seeds reached the maximum at the mature stage of fruit. The embryo on the plant was shaped by globular embryo, triangle embryo, And torpedo shaped embryo stage of four stages, about 70 d after flowering developmental arrest. Conclusion: The embryo diapause of American ginseng seed begins in torpedo-shaped embryo stage, which provides a certain basis for the ripening of American ginseng seed.