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地方分权具有两面性,体现在地方政府对待本地企业和地方市场的“帮助之手”和对待外地企业和国内统一市场的“攫取之手”。在保证分权激励地方政府改善本地市场环境的同时,应当通过司法的中央集权来着重解决外地企业“进入”本地市场的机制,和当发生跨地贸易纠纷时当事人有规避地方保护主义的“表达”渠道。我们通过对19世纪美国市场建设的历史经验来论证上述理论问题,并阐释其对当代中国改革的现实意义。
Local decentralization has two sides, which is reflected in the “hand of help” that local governments treat local enterprises and local markets, and “hand-outs” to foreign enterprises and domestic unified markets. While ensuring decentralization encourages local governments to improve the local market environment, it should focus on resolving the mechanism of “entering” local markets for foreign enterprises through centralization of the judiciary and the parties should avoid local protectionism in the event of cross-border trade disputes “Expression ” channel. We demonstrate the above theoretical issues through the historical experience of the American market construction in the 19th century and explain its practical significance to contemporary China’s reform.