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目的:了解罗湖区5岁以下儿童死亡率及主要死亡原因、特点与趋势,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法:采用回顾性调查方法,对2006～2010年5岁以下儿童死亡监测资料进行回顾性分析。结果:2010年与2006年相比5岁以下儿童死亡率有明显下降(χ2=5.681,P<0.05),流动人口5岁以下儿童死亡率明显高于常住人口5岁以下儿童死亡率(χ2=6.697,P<0.05)。新生儿死亡率最高,主要是早期新生儿死亡(占新生儿死亡的74.67%)。先天性心脏病是5岁以下儿童死亡的首位原因,早期新生儿的首位死因是早产低体重,1～4岁儿童死亡的首位死因是意外死亡。结论:降低早期新生儿死亡率和5岁以下儿童死亡率的关键是提高孕产期的保健质量和医务人员的急救技术水平。
Objective: To understand the mortality rate, causes and characteristics of major deaths among children under 5 years of age in Luohu District and provide the basis for the formulation of intervention measures. Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted to retrospectively analyze the data of deaths of children under 5 years of age from 2006 to 2010. Results: Compared with 2006, the mortality rate of children under 5 years old was significantly lower than that of 2006 (χ2 = 5.681, P <0.05). The mortality rate of migrant children under 5 years old was significantly higher than that of resident children under 5 years old (χ2 = 6.697, P <0.05). Neonatal mortality is highest, mainly in early neonatal deaths (74.67% of neonatal deaths). Congenital heart disease is the leading cause of death among children under five years of age. The first cause of death in early neonates was premature birth and low birth weight. The first cause of death among children aged 1-4 was an accidental death. Conclusion: The key to reducing early neonatal mortality and child mortality under 5 is to improve the quality of care during pregnancy and the level of first-aid skills for medical staff.