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钙超载是心血管疾病发生的重要机制之一。内质网(endoplasmic reticulum,ER)是调控细胞内钙、维持钙稳态的重要细胞器,它通过钙摄取、钙存储以及钙转运这三种方式对细胞内钙进行调控,其中,ER相关的钙转运是钙信号传递的中心环节。ER通过其特殊的结构广泛分布于细胞内,其膜上具有众多的连接位点,新近的研究报道这些连接位点可与细胞膜(plasma membrane,PM)和细胞器膜(例如线粒体、溶酶体、高尔基体等)形成连接,进而实现钙离子的转运。本文对内质网-细胞膜连接(endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane junctions,ER-PM连接)及相关心血管疾病病理、生理学过程的研究进展作一综述,为防治心血管疾病提供理论依据。
Calcium overload is one of the important mechanisms of cardiovascular disease. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important organelle that regulates intracellular calcium and maintains calcium homeostasis. It regulates intracellular calcium through calcium uptake, calcium storage and calcium transport. Among them, ER-related calcium Transport is the central part of calcium signaling. ER is widely distributed in cells by its special structure and has many connecting sites on its membrane. Recent studies reported that these sites can interact with plasma membrane (PM) and organelle membrane (such as mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi, etc.) to form a connection, in order to achieve calcium ion transport. This review summarizes the progress of pathological and physiological processes of endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane junctions (ER-PM) and related cardiovascular diseases, and provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.