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为探明适宜于砂姜黑土农田的周年耕作方式,提升砂姜黑土农田地力及作物产量,在冬小麦?夏玉米一年两熟种植制度下,设置多年定位夏玉米季?冬小麦季免耕?旋耕(对照)、免耕?深耕、深松?旋耕、深松?免耕、免耕?免耕5种周年耕作方式田间试验,在定位处理的第4个周年研究耕作方式对砂姜黑土农田土壤有机碳含量、土壤养分及其对作物产量的影响。结果表明,在秸秆全量还田条件下,与试验开始前相比,各处理0~20 cm土层土壤有机碳、全氮、速效钾含量均有所增加。与对照相比,其他处理均增加周年内0~20 cm土层土壤有机碳和全氮含量。免耕?深耕、深松?旋耕、免耕?免耕处理显著增加周年内0~20 cm土层土壤有效磷含量,而深松?免耕处理显著增加冬小麦开花期和收获期0~20 cm土层土壤有效磷含量,整个周年内对照在20~40 cm土层土壤的有效磷含量均最低。深松?免耕处理增加周年内0~20 cm土层土壤速效钾含量,而深松?免耕、免耕?免耕处理20~40 cm土层土壤速效钾含量在夏玉米苗期、大口期、开花期和灌浆期显著高于对照处理。深松?旋耕和深松?免耕处理显著增加夏玉米?冬小麦周年籽粒产量,增幅分别为7.67%和10.21%。综上所述,在秸秆全量还田基础上,深松?旋耕和深松?免耕能够改善土壤有机碳和养分状况,显著提高周年作物产量,可作为黄淮区砂姜黑土农田相对适宜的周年耕作方式。
In order to find out the annual farming methods suitable for Shajiang black soil farmland and improve the farmland productivity and crop yield of Shajiang black soil, under the two-year winter wheat and summer maize planting system, Tillage and deep plowing? Tillage and deep plowing? No-tillage, no tillage? No-tilling Five kinds of annual tillage methods Field trials, the fourth anniversary of the location treatment Tillage method Sand concretion black soil Soil Organic Carbon Content, Soil Nutrients and Their Effects on Crop Yield in Farmland. The results showed that the content of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and available potassium in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer of all treatments were all increased under the conditions of total straw returning to soil. Compared with the control, the other treatments increased the contents of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in 0-20 cm soil layer during the year. No tillage, deep tillage, deep tillage Rotary tillage and no tillage No tillage treatment significantly increased soil available phosphorus in 0-20 cm soil layer during the year, while deep tillage and zero tillage treatment significantly increased winter wheat flowering and harvesting stages from 0 to 20 cm soil layer, the content of available P in the soil of 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer was the lowest in the whole year. Deep-tillage and zero-tillage treatments increased soil available K content in 0-20 cm soil layer during the year, while no-tillage and no-tillage and no-till tillage treatments could increase soil available potassium content in summer maize seedlings, The period, flowering period and filling stage were significantly higher than the control treatment. Subsoiling? Tillage and Subsoiling? No-tillage treatment significantly increased the annual grain yield of summer maize-winter wheat by 7.67% and 10.21% respectively. To sum up, on the basis of straw returning to full field, deep-tillage and deep-loosening tillage can improve soil organic carbon and nutrient status and significantly increase annual crop yield, which can be used as relatively suitable for Shajiang black soil farmland in Huanghuai District Anniversary farming methods.