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在燃料乙醇发酵生产过程中,酿酒酵母经常会受到高浓度乙醇的胁迫,导致乙醇转化率和产量降低。面对高浓度乙醇的胁迫,酿酒酵母也具有应对胁迫的应激机制。在对这种应激机制进行了解的基础上,如能提高酿酒酵母对乙醇的耐受性,对于燃料乙醇生产具有重要意义。在高浓度乙醇胁迫下,酿酒酵母细胞会产生一系列保护性物质,如海藻糖、热激蛋白、脯氨酸等,这些物质能够提高酿酒酵母细胞对乙醇的耐受性。海藻糖作为一种重要的碳源、能量贮藏物质,不仅能稳定细胞膜、蛋白质和核酸等大分子物质,还可增强酿酒酵母对高浓度乙醇的耐受性。此外,酿酒酵母还可以产生大量的热激蛋白,增强酿酒酵母的抗逆性。从海藻糖和热激蛋白在乙醇胁迫下对酿酒酵母细胞保护作用的研究方面进行了综述,并对存在的问题进行了讨论与展望。
During fuel ethanol fermentation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is often stressed by high concentrations of ethanol, leading to a decrease in ethanol conversion and yield. In the face of high concentration of ethanol stress, Saccharomyces cerevisiae also has a stress response mechanism. Based on the understanding of this mechanism of stress, such as improving the tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to ethanol, it is of great significance for fuel ethanol production. Under the condition of high concentration of ethanol, Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells produce a series of protective substances, such as trehalose, heat shock protein, proline, etc. These substances can improve the tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to ethanol. As an important carbon source and energy storage substance, trehalose can not only stabilize macromolecules such as cell membrane, protein and nucleic acid, but also enhance the tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to high concentration of ethanol. In addition, Saccharomyces cerevisiae can also produce a large number of heat shock proteins, enhance the resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The protection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells by trehalose and heat shock protein under ethanol stress was reviewed. The existing problems were discussed and discussed.