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置盐定理通常被认为挑战了马克思的利润率下降理论。然而,我们用一个单部门模型将置盐定理表述为总量形式,发现马克思和置盐的技术变动是不同类型。在马克思模型中,导致资本有机构成提高进而使得利润率下降的新技术要被资本家采用的前提是实际工资提高。从而,不论是在马克思还是在置盐的理论中,实际工资提高都是利润率下降的必要条件。马克思利润率下降理论中的技术变动会导致不变资本增速超过净产出,难以持续。因此,马克思利润率下降理论描述的是生产力发展受阻时的技术变动,置盐定理则描述的是生产力发展时的技术变动,两者互补。但马克思的利润率下降理论中所描述的技术变动源于资本主义内在矛盾,所展示的是资本主义内生性趋势。
The salt theorem is generally considered to challenge the theory of Marx’s rate of profit decline. However, by using a single-sectoral model to describe the salt-setting theorem as a total, we found that the technical changes between Marx and salt are of different types. In the Marxian model, the new technology that leads to an increase in the organic composition of capital, which in turn leads to a drop in the rate of profit, is to be adopted by capitalists on the premise that the real wage is increased. Thus, whether in the theory of Marx or in the setting of salt, the real wage increase is a necessary condition for a drop in the rate of profit. Technological changes in Marx’s theory of profit margins will lead to constant capital growth exceeding net output and will be hard to sustain. Therefore, Marx’s theory of declining profit margin describes the technological change when the development of productive forces is hindered. The salt-setting theorem describes the technological changes in the development of productive forces, and the two complement each other. However, the technological change described in Marx’s theory of the rate of profit decline stems from the inherent contradictions of capitalism and shows the endogenous tendency of capitalism.