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取保候审在司法实践中的适用情况与立法目的存在差距,呈现出诸多背离刑事程序和理论的问题。一方面,现有的制度设计使得在多数情况下适用取保候审违背侦查人员的理性,成本高昂,收益较少,导致了取保候审适用的总量困境;另一方面,取保候审在实施过程中表现出适用的不平衡、适用的恣意性以及适用的实体处分化等问题,导致了取保候审适用的结构困境。对其进行反思,程序构造上的失衡造就了办案人员违反规定和滥用权力的较大空间,程序遵守的利益损失阻却了办案人员遵守程序的内在动因,程序性制裁的缺失则使办案人员恪守法定程序的外在动因极为有限,上述三种状况的合力构成了取保候审适用困境的深层次原因。
There is a gap between the application of bail pending trial in judicial practice and the purpose of legislation, presenting many problems that deviate from the criminal procedure and theory. On the one hand, the current system design makes the application of bail pending investigation against the investigators in most cases costly and with less revenue, resulting in the overall plight of bail pending trial. On the other hand, bail performance in the implementation process The issue of the applicable imbalances, the application of arbitrariness and the application of appropriate substantive sanctions have led to structural difficulties in the application of bail pending trial. Reflecting on it, the imbalance in procedural structure has created a large space for investigators to violate the provisions and abuse of power. The loss of interest that procedures obeys the internal motivation of investigators to obey the procedure, and the absence of procedural sanctions enables investigators to abide by the statutory requirements The external motivation of the procedure is extremely limited. The synergies of these three conditions constitute the deep-seated reasons for the application of the bail pending trial.