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在幼穗分化前用~(60)Co-γ射线和~(32)P-β射线对水稻植株分别进行外照射和内照射,研究了突变频率、突变扇形体的表现、粳稻突变体的遗传变异、突变性状的遗传表现、以及有利突变体的利用。结果表明,在幼穗分化前,水稻发育从营养生长向生殖生长转变的这一特定发育时期进行辐照处理,第一、可大幅度地提高突变频率,如~(60)Co-γ射线外照射早熟突变频率达21.67％,矮秆突变频率达11.01％,迟熟突变频率达12.92％(均以穗行为单位统计);~(32)P-β射线内照射的早熟突变频率为15.5％和46.87％(前者以单株为单位统计,后者以穗行为单位统计,下同),迟熟突变频率达61.6％和91.3％,矮秆突变频率达26.34％和65.22％。第二、在籼稻品种中获得罕见的粳型突变体。第三、突变性状后代分离,有的呈现非孟德尔比例,有的还显隐关系颠倒。第四、有利突变体用于水稻品种(组合)选育,表现了较好的前景。
Before and after panicle differentiation, the rice plants were subjected to external irradiation and internal irradiation with ~ (60) Co-γ rays and ~ (32) P-β rays, respectively. The effects of mutation frequency, mutant segments and inheritance of japonica mutants Variation, the genetic behavior of the mutant trait, and the utilization of favorable mutants. The results showed that irradiation at the specific developmental stage of rice development from vegetative growth to reproductive growth was preceded by young panicle differentiation. Firstly, the frequency of mutation could be significantly increased, such as ~ (60) Co-γ-ray The frequency of precocious irradiation was 21.67%, the dwarf mutation frequency was 11.01%, the frequency of late maturity mutation was 12.92% (all of which were measured by ear behavior unit); the frequency of precocious mutation of ~ (32) P-β irradiation was 15.5% The frequency of late maturing mutation was 61.6% and 91.3%, respectively. The frequency of dwarf mutation was 26.34% and 65.22% respectively. The frequency of dwarf mutation was 46.87% (the former was in single plant and the latter was in ear behavior). Second, rare japonica mutants are obtained in indica varieties. Third, the offspring of mutant traits separated, some of which showed non-Mendelian proportions, and some of them were obviously overturned. Fourth, the favorable mutants were used for breeding rice varieties (combinations), showing a good prospect.