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通过与科学的比较,张东荪从普遍性的维度研究了形而上学的思想实质、概念特点、价值意义。他区分了“形而上学系统”中核心范畴的两种功能和抽象概念的两层涵义,论证了“形而上学知识”的合法性和必要性。进而,他依据形而上学的民族性和历史性特点,考察了汉语形而上学的思维方式和语言结构,提出了中国哲学没有“本体论”。张东荪在重建新宇宙论时,遵循了这一理念,表现出了与现代本体论重建运动不同的实践方向,也显示了形而上学观念在中国发展演变的复杂性。
Through the comparison with science, Zhang Dongsun studied the metaphysics essence, concept characteristics and value meaning from the universal dimension. He distinguished the two meanings of the two functions and abstract concepts in the core category of “Metaphysical System ” and demonstrated the legitimacy and necessity of “metaphysical knowledge ”. Furthermore, based on the nationality and historical features of metaphysics, he investigated the Chinese metaphysical way of thinking and language structure, and proposed that there is no “ontology” in Chinese philosophy. In rebuilding the new cosmology, Zhang Dongsun followed this idea and showed a different direction of practice with the reconstruction of modern ontology. It also showed the complexity of the evolution of metaphysics in China.