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目的了解城市务工青少年心理社会能力状况,分析其影响因素,为有针对性地提高务工青少年的适应能力和心理健康状况提供依据。方法采用Rosenberg自尊量表、行为归因心理社会能力量表(简易版)和N-S内外控制源量表对北京、济南、广州、深圳四地共3 261名务工青少年的心理社会能力状况进行调查。结果务工青少年自尊、应对方式、内外控制源得分分别为(26.01±1.89)分、(7.86±2.47)分和(15.26±5.14)分。性别(OR=0.701)、文化程度(OR=1.344)、工作行业影响务工青少年的自尊水平;打工地点对务工青少年的应对方式有影响;而其心理控制能力与性别(OR=0.717)、文化程度(OR=0.618)、月收入(OR=0.862)、打工地点有关。结论城市务工青少年的心理社会适应能力明显不足,并受到多方面因素的影响,应采取针对性措施来提高务工青少年的心理社会能力。
Objective To understand the mental and social abilities of urban migrant workers and adolescents and to analyze their influencing factors so as to provide the basis for improving the adaptability and mental health of migrant workers. Methods The mental health status of 3 261 workers in Beijing, Jinan, Guangzhou and Shenzhen was investigated by using Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale, behavior attribution psychosocial proficiency scale (simplified version) and N-S internal control scale. Results The self-esteem, coping styles and internal and external control sources of migrant workers were (26.01 ± 1.89) points, (7.86 ± 2.47) points and (15.26 ± 5.14) points respectively. (OR = 0.701) and education level (OR = 1.344). The work industry affected the self-esteem of migrant workers; the work place affected the coping styles of migrant workers; and their psychological control ability and gender (OR = 0.717) (OR = 0.618), monthly income (OR = 0.862), working place. Conclusions Adolescents with urban work experience in psychosocial adaptation are obviously inadequate and are affected by many factors. Targeted measures should be taken to improve the psychological and social competence of migrant workers.