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目的:了解血液病患者膳食营养素的摄入情况以及各种膳食营养素的比例、来源是否合理,以指导患者饮食,合理改善膳食结构,促进身体康复。方法:采用24h膳食回顾自我记录法,连续记录患者7d早、中、晚3餐及3餐外的进食情况(水除外);用SPSS11.5统计软件进行分析,与《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》(Chi-neseDRIs)进行比较。结果:与中国营养学会推荐的平衡膳食宝塔相比,大部分血液病患者豆类、蔬菜、水果、乳类及肉鱼禽的摄入量较少,能量和蛋白质的摄入水平较低,分别达到RNI的69.0%和82.0%,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物在热量营养素来源分布中的比例较为合理,优质蛋白质占总蛋白质来源的40%以上;维生素A、维生素C、硫胺素、核黄素的摄入量均明显不足;矿物质中,除了铁的摄入水平较好以外,其他元素摄入均较低,尤其是钙,其平均摄入量仅达到参考标准的40%左右。结论:血液病患者的膳食结构存在一些不合理性,大部分患者的能量、蛋白质、维生素A、维生素C、硫胺素、核黄素、钙、锌、硒摄入水平较低。
Objective: To understand the intake of dietary nutrients in patients with hematological diseases and the proportion of dietary nutrients, whether the sources are reasonable, to guide the patient’s diet, reasonable diet to improve the structure and promote physical rehabilitation. Methods: The self-record method of 24-hour diet review was used to record patients’ early, middle and late meals on 3 d and 3 meals on a continuous basis (except water). SPSS11.5 statistical software was used to analyze and compare with the “Dietary Reference of Chinese Residents Chi-neseDRIs ”for comparison. Results: Compared with the balanced diet pagoda recommended by the Chinese Society of Nutrition, most patients with hematological diseases had less intake of beans, vegetables, fruits, milk and meat poultry, and lower energy and protein intake, respectively Reaching 69.0% and 82.0% of the RNI. The proportion of protein, fat and carbohydrate in the distribution of caloric nutrients was more reasonable, and the high quality protein accounted for more than 40% of the total protein sources. Vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamine and riboflavin Of the intake were significantly less; minerals, in addition to better intake of iron, the other elements are low intake, especially calcium, the average intake of only about 40% of the reference standard. Conclusion: There are some unreasonable dietary structures in patients with hematological diseases. Most patients have low intake of energy, protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, calcium, zinc and selenium.