一、引言（一）研究背景对独生子女的研究开始于八十年代初期，也就是说，从1979年我国政府提出“一对夫妇只生育一个孩子”的政策以后数年，独生子女作为一个庞大特殊的群体出现在中国的时候，对他们的研究就开始了。初期的研究有三个特点：1．研究的对象多数为幼儿园儿童；2 I. Introduction (I) Research Background The research on the only child started in the early 1980s. That is to say, only a few years after the Chinese government put forward the policy of “one child has only one child” in 1979, the only child as a large When special groups appeared in China, their research began. The initial research has three characteristics: 1. Most of the subjects studied are kindergarten children; 2