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本文认为，建立社会主义市场经济体制的实践既迫切要求重建中国的经济学理论体系，也为中国经济学理论的重建提供了现实的基础。在学习和批判地继承现有的市场经济理论时把握好经济学的本质及经济学研究上的三个层次上的关系，将为我们提供经济学研究的基本的理论基础和分析方法，而理论创新才是重建中国经济学的灵魂所在。为了使中国经济学能够在科学的轨道上得以重建和发展，以经济学问题的论争中对理论创新应持严肃科学的态度，并在经济学界尽早形成科学的行之有效的理论假说、批评、争论、接受、修正、摒弃的创新和发展的机制。作者指出，在目前应将注意力集中于对中国社会主义社会发展和经济改革中若干重大问题进行专门的系统深入的研究，培植新的理论生长点，不断研究新问题、解决新矛盾、总结新经验、提出新观点，进而形成新的理论思路和学术思想。
This article argues that the practice of establishing a socialist market economic system urgently requires the reconstruction of China’s economic theoretical system and also provides a realistic basis for the reconstruction of China’s economic theory. Studying and critically inheriting the existing market economy theory and grasping the essence of economics and the three levels of relations in economic studies will provide us with the basic theoretical foundation and analytical methods for economic studies. Innovation is the soul of rebuilding Chinese economics. In order to enable China’s economics to be rebuilt and developed on the scientific track, it should take a serious and scientific attitude toward theoretical innovation in the debate on economic issues and establish scientific and effective theoretical hypotheses and criticisms as soon as possible in economics. Controversy, acceptance, amendment, abandonment of innovation and development mechanism. The author points out that at present, attention should be focused on conducting systematic and in-depth studies on a number of major issues in the development of socialism and economic reform in China, cultivating new theoretical growth points, continuously studying new problems, resolving new contradictions, and summarizing new Experience, put forward new ideas, and then form new theoretical ideas and academic thoughts.