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急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）是一种由肺内和（或）肺外原因导致的以低氧血症为显著特征的临床危重症，其发病机制与氧化应激失衡有关。N -乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）作为抗氧化剂已广泛用于呼吸系统疾病的治疗，目前国内外关于NAC在抗氧化方面治疗ARDS是否有益存在争议。本文围绕NAC分子机制、动物实验及临床研究结果，对NAC抗氧化作用在治疗ARDS中的研究进展进行综述，以期为NAC用于ARDS的治疗提供参考。“,”Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinically critical illness characterized by hypoxemia caused by intrapulmonary and (or) extrapulmonary reasons. Its pathogenesis is related to the imbalance of oxidative stress. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been widely used in the treatment of respiratory diseases as an antioxidant. At present, there is controversy about whether NAC is beneficial in the treatment of ARDS in terms of antioxidant in China and abroad. This review focuses on the molecular mechanism of NAC, animal experiments and clinical research results, and summarizes the research progress of NAC's antioxidant effect in the treatment of ARDS, in order to provide a reference for the treatment of NAC in ARDS.