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一、谓语动词要与主语在人称和数上保持一致,即语法一致原则或意义一致原则。
I am seventeen.
She is sixteen.
There is a desk in the room.
There are no chairs in it.
John gets up at six o'clock every morning.
The woman with a baby in her arms was waiting in the rain.
They have not come yet.
Nobody knows who is going to win in the competition.
What is the latest news about the Olympic Games?
二、两个主语用and或both…and连接时,谓语动词一般用复数。
Wang Gang and Zhang Hua were here a moment ago.
My brother and I have both seen the film.
Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.
但是,1)表示同一概念,指同一人或同一事物时(这时and后的名词前无冠词),谓语动词用单数。
The teacher and writer is from America.
2)当and连接若干个被no, each, every,many a修饰的单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
No worker and no boss is allowed to enter the lab.
Many a student is not in the classroom.
三、集体名词group, class, family, army, enemy等作主语时,如果视为整体,谓语动词就用单数;如果视为一个个的个体,就用复数。
My family is a large one.
The family are sitting at the breakfast table.(指家庭成员)
Our group are reading the newspaper.(指组内成员)
This group is having a meeting.
The army is going to remain in this town.
The army have rescued the travelers.(指部队中的官兵)
但是people, police, cattle等词作主语时,因为它们本身即为复数名词,所以谓语动词用复数。(参见十一)
The police are still waiting in the storm.
The cattle were shipped to England.
四、不定代词anyone,anybody,anything,everyone,everybody,everything, someone,somebody,something,no one,nobody,nothing,each,the other等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Is anybody going to tell him the news?
There is nobody in the house.
Everything is ready.
Someone wants to see you.
其中,1)当each在句中作同位语时,谓语动词用复数。
We each have a book.
2)并列主语前的every和each具有分配作用,因此谓语动词用单数。
In our country, every boy and every girl has right to receive education at school.
3)no和many a, more than one修饰单数名词时,概念上是复数,但是中心词为单数,所以谓语动词仍然用单数。
No teacher and no student is going.
Many a man has tried it before.
4)each或every+单数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Each student has a new book.
五、代词none和neither有时作单数看待,但有时作复数看待,主要根据说话人的意思决定。
None of them has arrived yet at the settlement. 他们没有一个到达新住宅区。
None of them have arrived yet. 他们都还没有到。
Neither of them knows the answer. 他们俩谁都不知道答案。
Neither of them know the answer. 他们俩都不知道答案。
六、当一个句子有两个主语,而它们又是由either…or, neither…nor或not only…but also, not…but,或or连接时,或由there, here引起的句子,其主语不止一个时,谓语动词通常和邻近的主语一致。
Either Ann or Jane is from New Zealand.
There is a lamp, two books and three pens on the desk.
Here are some envelopes and paper for you.
Neither he nor I have finished the experiment.
注意:在这种情况下,尤其要注意有些句子变成疑问句时的情况,如上句应变为:
Has neither he nor I finished the experiment?
七、如果数词作主语。经常把数词看成一个整体,谓语动词可用单数,有时也可用复数。
Two and ten is twelve.
Two and three make(s) five.
Ten thousand dollars is a lot of money.
但是有些名词复数作为一个整体(如时间,重量,金钱,度量衡,价格等),其谓语动词多用单数,不过如要强调其复数意义时,谓语动词也可用复数。
Ten years is a long time.
One hundred dollars are not so easy to be earned.
八、不定式,动名词,分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)等非谓语动词或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
To smoke/Smoking is a bad habit.
What he said is quite right.
九、the+形容词(或分词)作主语表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数;指抽象概念或特指时用单数。
The young are usually very active.
The old are gone.
The good in him is greater than the bad.
The young of the two was left at home.
十、主语是单数,尽管后面有together, together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as, rather than, including等介词(作状语),谓语动词仍用单数。
Nobody but some students was here.
My brother together with Mike and Jim is gone.
十一、有些名词虽以s结尾,但为单数意义,谓语动词仍用单数;news及报刊杂志,专有名词(包括国名,地名,作品等)作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Physics/Maths is difficult/interesting to learn.
His first works was published in 1937.
The United States is one of the largest countries in the world.
This news is the latest.
但是有些名词,如police, people, public, cattle, young等虽然其形式上是单数,而概念上却表示复数,所以谓语动词用复数。(例句见三)
十二、who, what, which, all, some, any, the rest等代词是单数还是复数,由其意思而定。
The rest of the task is rather difficult.
The rest of people are still alive.
十三、one and a half 作定语时,后面的名词用复数,而谓语动词用单数。
One and a half years has passed.
十四、某些单、复数相同的名词,如sheep, deer, steel, means, works等,其谓语动词的单复数形式应根据其意思而定。
Every means has been tried to stop it.
十五、pair of, kind of, type of, form of, glass of, box of等表示数量的名词短语修饰主语时,谓语动词要与pair等词的形式一致。
There is a pair of shoes left.
Three boxes of apples have been sold.
十六、trousers, shoes, socks, compasses,glasses, scissors, goods等复数形式的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;换成代词时代词也要用相应的复数形式;但若被this/that或a pair 等修饰时谓语动词用单数。
Glasses are worn on the nose.
A pair of glasses is worn on the nose.
十七、some, any, none, all, most, more等不定代词,two thirds, the rest, a part, half等作主语时,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。
All were silent. 大家一言不发。
All was silent. 万籁俱寂。
十八、Chinese, French, English Japanese等名词作主语表示语言时,谓语动词用单数;表示人民时则用复数。
English is spoken in many countries.
The Chinese are brave and hardworking people.
十九、both, all, few, several, many等修饰可数名词的复数形式作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
Many boys are fond of football.
All his friends have come.
二十、分数/百分数+of+可数名词复数作主语,谓语动词用复数;但分数/百分数+of+不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Two thirds of the workers are from Japan.
90% of the homework has been finished.
One third of the apple has gone bad. (一个苹果)
One third of the apples have gone bad.(一堆苹果)
二十一、the rest/part/half/most/all of+可数名词复数作主语, 谓语动词用复数;若加不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
The rest of the pears have been sent to Mr Green.
The rest of the housework is usually done by me.
二十二、a number of+可数名词复数作主语, 谓语动词用复数; the number of+可数名词复数作主语, 谓语动词用单数。
A number of books have been sold in this bookshop.
The number of the book is too large.
二十三、几种特殊结构的一致情况。
1.系表一致,即系动词要与后面的表语保持一致。
There is a teacher and some students in the classroom.
Here are two men smoking.
2.a+单数名词+or two作主语,谓语动词用单数。
A day or two has passed.
3.one of+代词/名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
One of us was too tired to walk any further.
4.当先行词为one of+可数名词复数形式时,其后的定语从句中的谓语动词用复数;当先行词为the only/the very+one of+可数名词复数形式时,其后的定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。
She is one of the girls who have passed the exam.
She is the only one of the girls who has passed the exam.
5.在It is+被强调部分+that/who…的强调结构中,从句的谓语动词与被强调词保持一致。
It is I who am to go instead of them.
6.两个主语,一个肯定,一个否定,谓语动词常与肯定主语保持一致。
I, not you, am the right person.
7.主语与表语的一致。大多数情况下,主语与表语应该一致。
His brother is a good doctor.
His parents are both teachers.
但有时候主语与表语也可能不一致,这时谓语动词(系动词)一般与主语一致。
Tomatoes are a vegetable.
The Chinese are a friendly people.
Our guide was the stars.
8.注意省略或倒装。
In front of the girl are some flowers.
本句子可认为在girl后省略了there,即:In front of the girl there are some flowers.
或本句子还可认为是个倒装句,即:Some flowers are in front of the girl.
I am seventeen.
She is sixteen.
There is a desk in the room.
There are no chairs in it.
John gets up at six o'clock every morning.
The woman with a baby in her arms was waiting in the rain.
They have not come yet.
Nobody knows who is going to win in the competition.
What is the latest news about the Olympic Games?
二、两个主语用and或both…and连接时,谓语动词一般用复数。
Wang Gang and Zhang Hua were here a moment ago.
My brother and I have both seen the film.
Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.
但是,1)表示同一概念,指同一人或同一事物时(这时and后的名词前无冠词),谓语动词用单数。
The teacher and writer is from America.
2)当and连接若干个被no, each, every,many a修饰的单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
No worker and no boss is allowed to enter the lab.
Many a student is not in the classroom.
三、集体名词group, class, family, army, enemy等作主语时,如果视为整体,谓语动词就用单数;如果视为一个个的个体,就用复数。
My family is a large one.
The family are sitting at the breakfast table.(指家庭成员)
Our group are reading the newspaper.(指组内成员)
This group is having a meeting.
The army is going to remain in this town.
The army have rescued the travelers.(指部队中的官兵)
但是people, police, cattle等词作主语时,因为它们本身即为复数名词,所以谓语动词用复数。(参见十一)
The police are still waiting in the storm.
The cattle were shipped to England.
四、不定代词anyone,anybody,anything,everyone,everybody,everything, someone,somebody,something,no one,nobody,nothing,each,the other等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Is anybody going to tell him the news?
There is nobody in the house.
Everything is ready.
Someone wants to see you.
其中,1)当each在句中作同位语时,谓语动词用复数。
We each have a book.
2)并列主语前的every和each具有分配作用,因此谓语动词用单数。
In our country, every boy and every girl has right to receive education at school.
3)no和many a, more than one修饰单数名词时,概念上是复数,但是中心词为单数,所以谓语动词仍然用单数。
No teacher and no student is going.
Many a man has tried it before.
4)each或every+单数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Each student has a new book.
五、代词none和neither有时作单数看待,但有时作复数看待,主要根据说话人的意思决定。
None of them has arrived yet at the settlement. 他们没有一个到达新住宅区。
None of them have arrived yet. 他们都还没有到。
Neither of them knows the answer. 他们俩谁都不知道答案。
Neither of them know the answer. 他们俩都不知道答案。
六、当一个句子有两个主语,而它们又是由either…or, neither…nor或not only…but also, not…but,或or连接时,或由there, here引起的句子,其主语不止一个时,谓语动词通常和邻近的主语一致。
Either Ann or Jane is from New Zealand.
There is a lamp, two books and three pens on the desk.
Here are some envelopes and paper for you.
Neither he nor I have finished the experiment.
注意:在这种情况下,尤其要注意有些句子变成疑问句时的情况,如上句应变为:
Has neither he nor I finished the experiment?
七、如果数词作主语。经常把数词看成一个整体,谓语动词可用单数,有时也可用复数。
Two and ten is twelve.
Two and three make(s) five.
Ten thousand dollars is a lot of money.
但是有些名词复数作为一个整体(如时间,重量,金钱,度量衡,价格等),其谓语动词多用单数,不过如要强调其复数意义时,谓语动词也可用复数。
Ten years is a long time.
One hundred dollars are not so easy to be earned.
八、不定式,动名词,分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)等非谓语动词或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
To smoke/Smoking is a bad habit.
What he said is quite right.
九、the+形容词(或分词)作主语表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数;指抽象概念或特指时用单数。
The young are usually very active.
The old are gone.
The good in him is greater than the bad.
The young of the two was left at home.
十、主语是单数,尽管后面有together, together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as, rather than, including等介词(作状语),谓语动词仍用单数。
Nobody but some students was here.
My brother together with Mike and Jim is gone.
十一、有些名词虽以s结尾,但为单数意义,谓语动词仍用单数;news及报刊杂志,专有名词(包括国名,地名,作品等)作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Physics/Maths is difficult/interesting to learn.
His first works was published in 1937.
The United States is one of the largest countries in the world.
This news is the latest.
但是有些名词,如police, people, public, cattle, young等虽然其形式上是单数,而概念上却表示复数,所以谓语动词用复数。(例句见三)
十二、who, what, which, all, some, any, the rest等代词是单数还是复数,由其意思而定。
The rest of the task is rather difficult.
The rest of people are still alive.
十三、one and a half 作定语时,后面的名词用复数,而谓语动词用单数。
One and a half years has passed.
十四、某些单、复数相同的名词,如sheep, deer, steel, means, works等,其谓语动词的单复数形式应根据其意思而定。
Every means has been tried to stop it.
十五、pair of, kind of, type of, form of, glass of, box of等表示数量的名词短语修饰主语时,谓语动词要与pair等词的形式一致。
There is a pair of shoes left.
Three boxes of apples have been sold.
十六、trousers, shoes, socks, compasses,glasses, scissors, goods等复数形式的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;换成代词时代词也要用相应的复数形式;但若被this/that或a pair 等修饰时谓语动词用单数。
Glasses are worn on the nose.
A pair of glasses is worn on the nose.
十七、some, any, none, all, most, more等不定代词,two thirds, the rest, a part, half等作主语时,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。
All were silent. 大家一言不发。
All was silent. 万籁俱寂。
十八、Chinese, French, English Japanese等名词作主语表示语言时,谓语动词用单数;表示人民时则用复数。
English is spoken in many countries.
The Chinese are brave and hardworking people.
十九、both, all, few, several, many等修饰可数名词的复数形式作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
Many boys are fond of football.
All his friends have come.
二十、分数/百分数+of+可数名词复数作主语,谓语动词用复数;但分数/百分数+of+不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Two thirds of the workers are from Japan.
90% of the homework has been finished.
One third of the apple has gone bad. (一个苹果)
One third of the apples have gone bad.(一堆苹果)
二十一、the rest/part/half/most/all of+可数名词复数作主语, 谓语动词用复数;若加不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
The rest of the pears have been sent to Mr Green.
The rest of the housework is usually done by me.
二十二、a number of+可数名词复数作主语, 谓语动词用复数; the number of+可数名词复数作主语, 谓语动词用单数。
A number of books have been sold in this bookshop.
The number of the book is too large.
二十三、几种特殊结构的一致情况。
1.系表一致,即系动词要与后面的表语保持一致。
There is a teacher and some students in the classroom.
Here are two men smoking.
2.a+单数名词+or two作主语,谓语动词用单数。
A day or two has passed.
3.one of+代词/名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
One of us was too tired to walk any further.
4.当先行词为one of+可数名词复数形式时,其后的定语从句中的谓语动词用复数;当先行词为the only/the very+one of+可数名词复数形式时,其后的定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。
She is one of the girls who have passed the exam.
She is the only one of the girls who has passed the exam.
5.在It is+被强调部分+that/who…的强调结构中,从句的谓语动词与被强调词保持一致。
It is I who am to go instead of them.
6.两个主语,一个肯定,一个否定,谓语动词常与肯定主语保持一致。
I, not you, am the right person.
7.主语与表语的一致。大多数情况下,主语与表语应该一致。
His brother is a good doctor.
His parents are both teachers.
但有时候主语与表语也可能不一致,这时谓语动词(系动词)一般与主语一致。
Tomatoes are a vegetable.
The Chinese are a friendly people.
Our guide was the stars.
8.注意省略或倒装。
In front of the girl are some flowers.
本句子可认为在girl后省略了there,即:In front of the girl there are some flowers.
或本句子还可认为是个倒装句,即:Some flowers are in front of the girl.