直肠癌是胃肠道最常见的癌肿之一,它约占肠道癌肿的75—80%,且国内的有关报道尚不多见。关于直肠癌手术方式的选择,国内外总的趋向是:对直肠下段癌,绝大多数学者主张作Miles 氏手术。对直肠上段癌,多数主张作Dixon氏手术。而对直肠中段癌(癌肿距肛门8～12厘米),在手术方式的选择上,则意见分歧很大。部分学者采用单纯保留肛管括约肌的Bacon氏手术,该手术方式不但全部切除了 Rectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the gastrointestinal tract. It accounts for about 70% to 80% of intestinal cancers, and domestic reports are rare. With regard to the choice of surgery for rectal cancer, the general trend at home and abroad is: For the lower rectum cancer, most scholars advocate Miles’ surgery. Most of the cancers in the upper rectum are treated with Dixon’s surgery. For the rectal cancer (8 to 12 cm from the anus), the opinions on the choice of surgical methods are quite different. Some scholars use Bacon’s surgery to keep only the anal sphincter, which is not only completely removed.