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当代西方马克思主义者否弃了马克思思想当中的一些经典概念,以当代西方马克思主义者对马克思的批判为切入点,可将马克思思想的核心精神还原为“批判”与“革命”两个概念。在与青年黑格尔派的鲍威尔思想的对比当中,凸显了马克思思想的“批判”所带有的康德色彩。马克思与康德的“批判”哲学的契合点在于:一是强调了主体的有限性;二是拒斥思维与存在的统一性。思维与存在的分裂,导致了理念与现实之间存在永恒张力,革命的行动及其激进性需要保持这种张力。因此,马克思对于统一性原则的破除成为其革命理论合法性的哲学基础。正是这一哲学诉求决定了当代西方马克思主义者提出了自己的理论任务:一是凸显必然性的断裂;二是基于偶然性,对革命主体的批判及其重构。
Contemporary Western Marxists have rejected some of the classic concepts of Marxist thought and taken the critique of contemporary Western Marxists as an entry point, which can restore the core spirit of Marxist thought to “criticism” and “revolution” Two concepts. In contrast with the Powell thought of the youth Hegelians, the Kant color of Marxist “” criticism “is highlighted. The conjunction point of Marx’s and Kant’s ”criticism " philosophy lies in: First, it emphasizes the limited subject; second, rejects the unity of thinking and existence. The division of thinking and existence led to the eternal tension between philosophy and reality, the revolutionary action and its radical need to maintain this tension. Therefore, the dissolution of Marx’s principle of unity became the philosophical foundation of the legitimacy of his revolutionary theory. It is this philosophical appeal that determines that contemporary Western Marxists have put forward their own theoretical tasks: one is to highlight the rupture of necessity; the other is to criticize and reconstruct the revolutionary subject based on contingency.