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解析大脑神经网络的连接图谱是认识大脑功能的前提。发展追踪大脑神经环路结构的技术,已成为神经科学研究中的迫切需求。基于嗜神经病毒发展而来的跨突触追踪技术,是揭示大脑神经网络结构的最有效手段,也是神经科学研究中发展十分迅速的领域。不同的嗜神经病毒类型或毒株,都有其独特的分子生物学特性、跨突触标记特性、改造方式。通过使用遗传重组改造的嗜神经病毒追踪神经环路,可以获得特定区域或特定类型神经元多级输出网络、输入网络及单级输入或输出网络。主要介绍神经科学研究中常用的神经病毒及相关的辅助工具病毒特性,及嗜神经病毒介导的各种神经回路标记技术。
It is the precondition to know the brain function to analyze the connection map of the brain neural network. The development of technology to track the structure of the brain’s neural circuit has become an urgent need in neuroscience research. The cross-synapse tracking technology based on the development of neurotropic viruses is the most effective means of revealing the structure of brain neural networks and is also a rapidly developing field in neuroscience research. Different types of neurotropic viruses or strains, have their unique molecular biology, cross-synaptic characteristics of markers, transformation methods. By using genetic recombination-engineered neurophages to track the neural circuit, a multi-level output network of particular regions or types of neurons, input networks, and single-stage input or output networks can be obtained. Mainly introduced in neuroscience research commonly used neuroviruses and related auxiliary tools virus characteristics, and neurotropic virus-mediated various neural circuit tagging technology.