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历史认识中突出的人本思想,是中国古代史学理论优于西方中世纪史学理论的一个重要方面。从公元4世纪到公元16世纪,中国史学家的人本思想,呈现出一个不断提升的历程。这个历程大约呈现三个发展阶段:第一阶段是两晋时期,其表现的主要理论趋向是“人的发现”与神学目的论史观的突破;第二阶段是两宋时期,其表现的主要理论趋向是通过对神性之天的否定和构建形上超越的应然之理的理论途径,以求保证人间正义和秩序的实现;第三阶段始于明代中晚期,其表现是对两宋以来意识形态化的超验的外在天理的突破和对自然人性,包括正常人欲的肯定。公元4~16世纪中国思想家、史学家人本思想的发育、发展,呈现出一个否定之否定、辩证发展、不断提升的历史和逻辑的历程。
The prominent humanism in historical understanding is an important aspect of Chinese ancient history theory being superior to western medieval history theory. From the fourth century AD to the 16th century AD, the Chinese people-oriented ideology of Chinese historians has shown a process of continuous improvement. The course is about three stages of development: the first stage is the Jin and Jin Dynasties, the main theoretical trend of its performance is “people ’s discovery ” and the breakthrough of the theology ’ s teleology view of history; the second stage is the Song Dynasty, its performance The main theoretical trend is to guarantee the realization of human justice and order through the negation of divine heaven and the theoretical way of constructing transcendental transcendence. The third phase begins with the middle and late Ming Dynasty, The breakthrough of ideological transcendental external nature since Song and affirmation of natural humanity, including normal human desires. From the fourth century to the 16th century, the development and development of humanistic thought of Chinese thinkers and historians present a history of negation, dialectical development and continuous improvement.