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microRNA(miRNA)是近年来发现的一类长度为19～25个核苷酸的非编码小分子RNA。它主要通过与靶基因mRNA3′UTR完全或不完全配对,导致靶标mRNA降解或转录后翻译抑制,从而参与个体发育、细胞凋亡、增殖及分化等生理过程。最近的研究表明,miRNAs可通过调控其靶基因参与的信号通路,调节肿瘤的形成和发展,发挥着类似于癌基因或抑癌基因的功能。多种不同类型的miRNAs在胶质瘤细胞中都有表达,可通过上调或下调相应的miRNAs诱导胶质瘤细胞的凋亡或抑制其增殖。因此,研究胶质瘤细胞miRNAs的表达谱,可能为胶质瘤的诊断和治疗提供新的策略。本文主要对神经胶质瘤miRNAs的表达及其诊断和治疗领域的进展作一综述。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of non-coding small RNAs of 19-25 nucleotides found in recent years. It is mainly through the target gene mRNA3’UTR complete or incomplete pairing, resulting in target mRNA degradation or posttranscriptional translation inhibition, and thus involved in individual development, apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation and other physiological processes. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs can regulate tumor formation and development by regulating the signaling pathways involved in their target genes and play a role similar to oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Many different types of miRNAs are expressed in glioma cells, which can induce glioma cell apoptosis or inhibit their proliferation by up-regulating or down-regulating corresponding miRNAs. Therefore, studying the expression profiles of miRNAs in glioma cells may provide a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas. This article mainly reviews the expression of miRNAs in gliomas and its progress in diagnosis and treatment.