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目的了解甘肃省山丹县社区法定传染病发病规律及流行特征,为制定有效的防控措施提供依据。方法运用描述流行病学方法,分析传染病信息报告管理系统中2013─2015年上报的山丹县社区传染病疫情资料,比较主要病种、年龄、性别、职业和季节等方面的分布特征和变化趋势。结果 2013─2015年山丹县社区共报告法定传染病18种644例,年均发病率340.39/10万,呈逐年下降趋势(χ~2=7.416,P<0.05),年均死亡率0.53/10万;发病构成以呼吸道、肠道和血源及性传播传染病为主,占发病总数的97.67%,其中肺结核病、病毒性肝炎和其他感染性腹泻占发病总数的82.76%;季节特征明显,在冬季、春夏之交和秋冬之交形成高峰;男性发病高于女性,男女性别比为1.31∶1;年龄集中在10岁以下和50岁以上人群,占发病总数的73.91%;农民工和散居儿童发病较高,分别占34.16%和26.24%。结论甘肃省山丹县社区传染病流行强度逐年下降,肺结核病、病毒性肝炎和其他感染性腹泻是影响人群健康的主要传染病;应针对不同传染病的流行特征,加大重点传染病防控,实施以加强社区预防、健康教育和疫情监测等为主的综合防治措施。
Objective To understand the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of legal notifiable infectious diseases in community in Shandan County, Gansu Province, and to provide basis for effective prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological data of infectious diseases in Shandan County reported from 2013 to 2015 in the infectious disease information reporting management system. The distribution characteristics and changes in major diseases, age, gender, occupation and season were compared trend. Results A total of 644 cases of 18 notifiable infectious diseases were reported in the community in Shandan County from 2013 to 2015, with an average annual incidence of 340.39 / 100 000, showing an annual declining trend (χ ~ 2 = 7.416, P <0.05). The annual average mortality rate was 0.53 / The incidence was mainly respiratory, intestinal and blood-borne and sexually transmitted infections, accounting for 97.67% of the total. Tuberculosis, viral hepatitis and other infectious diarrhea accounted for 82.76% of the total. The seasonal characteristics were obvious , Peaked at the turn of the spring, at the turn of the spring and summer and at the turn of the fall and winter. The incidence of males was higher than that of females, with a male / female ratio of 1.31:1. The age groups were below 10 years old and over 50 years old, accounting for 73.91% of the total. And the incidence of scattered children was higher, accounting for 34.16% and 26.24% respectively. Conclusion The epidemic intensity of communicable diseases in community in Shandan County of Gansu Province is decreasing year by year. Tuberculosis, viral hepatitis and other infectious diarrhea are the major infectious diseases that affect the health of the population. The prevention and control of major infectious diseases should be strengthened according to the epidemic characteristics of different infectious diseases The implementation of comprehensive prevention and control measures to strengthen community prevention, health education and epidemic situation monitoring.