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能源。作为人类经济发展与文明建设的不可缺少的物质基础,其重要性已毋须赘述。目前,大量使用的煤、石油、天然气等矿物常规能源,因其不可再生的特点,储量在日渐减少。已探明的储量,石油约1000亿t,天然气约100万亿m~3,煤约2万亿t左右。按目前的消费量计算,石油几十年即将告罄,煤也不过能维持100多年的时间。况且,由于生产力的发展,能源消费呈现着迅速增长的趋势。这样,开发新的能源已成了当务之急。在新能源家族中,核能以其它能源不可比拟的优点脱颖而出,有可能成为替代常规能源的希望之星。
energy. As an indispensable material basis for human economic development and civilized construction, its importance has not been narrated. At present, due to its non-renewable nature, the reserves of conventionally used minerals such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas are gradually decreasing. The proven reserves are about 100 billion tons of oil, about 100 trillion m3 of natural gas, and about 2 trillion tons of coal. Calculated on the basis of current consumption, oil will soon be excused for decades, and coal cannot sustain more than 100 years. Moreover, due to the development of productivity, energy consumption is showing a rapid growth trend. In this way, the development of new energy has become a top priority. In the new energy family, nuclear energy stands out with advantages that are incomparable to other energy sources and may become a hopeful alternative to conventional energy sources.