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玻璃体腔注射抗血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）药物是治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿（DME）的主要手段，但仍有30％的患者对其治疗反应差。目前能够提示抗VEGF药物治疗预后的影像标志物包括缺血指数、深层视网膜毛细血管丛的黄斑中心凹无血管区面积、微动脉瘤数量、血流密度、视网膜内层紊乱、外界膜和（或）椭圆体带破坏程度、强反射灶、视网膜内囊肿、视网膜下液；生物标志物包括超敏C反应蛋白、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率、抗延胡索酸酶抗体以及眼内房水细胞间黏附分子-1、白介素（IL）-6、IL-8等。了解这些可能预测和评估抗VEGF药物治疗预后的临床标志物，可以灵活调整治疗方案，更加有效地监测、治疗、管理DME患者。“,”Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs is the main treatment for diabetic macular edema (DME), however, 30% of patients still respond poorly to its treatment. At present, imaging markers that can indicate the prognosis of anti-VEGF drug treatment include ischemic index, deep retinal capillary plexus foveal avascular zone area, number of microaneurysms, blood flow density, disorder of the inner retinal layer, outer membrane and/or the degree of damage to the ellipsoid zone, strong reflex foci, intraretinal cysts, subretinal fluid. Biomarkers include high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, anti-fumarase antibody, intraocular aqueous humor cell adhesion molecule-1, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, etc. Understanding these clinical markers that may predict and evaluate the prognosis of anti-VEGF drug therapy can be beneficial to adjust the treatment plan, and more effectively monitor, treat, and manage DME patients.