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成对近义构式的语义呈现重合和系统对立的双重特点,这与它们在构式网络中所处的层次以及与其他构式的关联和功能区分密切相关。本文以“V着”/“V了”静态存在构式为例,基于语料采用显著共现词素分析法考察构式的语义分布情况。研究显示,两者在动词语义、句法搭配和语境特征等方面均表现出“无界”和“有界”的语义对立。结合“V着”动态存在构式和“V了”隐现构式进行共现词素分析显示,构式网络中处于同一层次的构式在概念空间呈现“小聚合、大区分”的语义分布特征。近义构式的语义对立正是这一特征的具体表现。
The semantic meaning of pairs of near-synonymous constructions presents the dual characteristics of coincidence and systematic opposition, which are closely related to their level in the structural network and the correlation and functional distinction with other constructions. In this paper, taking the static existence of “V / ” V The research shows that both of them show semantic opposite between “unbounded” and “bounded” in terms of verb semantics, syntactic collocation and contextual features. Co-occurrence morpheme analysis with the dynamic presence of “V ” and the “V ” revealed that the structures at the same level in the construction network exhibit “small aggregation, ”Semantic distribution characteristics. Semantic opposition of the near-synonym constructions is exactly the manifestation of this feature.