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如何认识当前的中国经济,这是大家普遍关注的经济热点问题。当前颇为流行的一种观点是:中国经济已经从总体上告别了短缺,买方市场已经全面形成,由资源约束型经济走向需求约束型经济,是当前中国经济的基本特征之一。我们可以把这种观点称为“过剩论”。“过剩论”仅凭买方市场的出现和有效需求不足便断定中国经济告别了短缺,这种认识是不准确的。如果我们能够超越市场状况站在更高的层面上考察中国经济,就不难发现,当前中国经济的基本特征之一是“相对过剩与严重短缺并存”,而非简单的“过剩”。当前中国经济的这一基本特征主要表现在以下三个方面。
How to understand the current Chinese economy is a hot issue of economic concern that everyone is generally concerned about. One of the most popular current viewpoints is that the Chinese economy has generally bid farewell to the shortage and the buyer’s market has been fully formed. From a resource-constrained economy to a demand-constrained economy, it is one of the basic characteristics of the current Chinese economy. We can call this view “excess theory.” The “excess theory” is based on the appearance of the buyer’s market and the insufficient effective demand to conclude that the Chinese economy has bid farewell to the shortage. This kind of understanding is inaccurate. If we can examine the Chinese economy at a higher level than the market conditions, we can easily see that one of the basic characteristics of the current Chinese economy is “the coexistence of relative surplus and serious shortage,” rather than a simple “surplus.” The basic characteristics of the current Chinese economy mainly in the following three aspects.