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目的分析广州市黄埔区学龄前儿童龋病现状,探讨其综合干预的有效形式和效果。方法随机抽取3～5岁900名学龄前儿童及其家长,由口腔科医师进行口腔象限逐个检查,采用自行设计问卷进行影响因素分析;将研究对象随机分为干预组(450名儿童及其家长),对照组(450名儿童及其家长),干预组采取综合干预措施,由医院口腔及全科医生主持,对照组由保健幼师随机进行,干预时间为1年。结果广州市黄埔区学龄前儿童乳龋患病率为39.11%,龋患率随年龄的增长而显著上升,以5岁组最高(45.03%,χ2=7.485,P<0.05),好发于下颌第2磨牙合面,充填率为21.31%;糖摄入量和频率、睡前不刷牙是乳龋危险因素,含氟化泡沫和家长口腔卫生知识及行为则是保护因素;综合干预后,干预组新发龋率显著低于对照组,充填率显著高于对照组(P<0.01);在遵医行为和刷牙知识和行为正确率等方面,干预组均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论儿童龋齿与糖摄入量和频率、睡前不刷牙关系密切,综合干预对防治儿童龋病有效,但窝沟封闭工作有待加强。
Objective To analyze the prevalence of dental caries in preschool children in Huangpu district of Guangzhou and to explore the effective forms and effects of its comprehensive intervention. Methods A total of 900 pre-school children and their parents aged 3 to 5 years were randomly selected. The oral cavity quadrant was examined by the dentist one by one. Self-designed questionnaires were used to analyze the influencing factors. The subjects were randomly divided into intervention group (450 children and their parents ), The control group (450 children and their parents), and the intervention group took comprehensive interventions, which were conducted by the oral and general practitioners in the hospital. The control group was randomly assigned by kindergarten teachers. The intervention time was 1 year. Results The prevalence of caries in preschool children in Huangpu district of Guangzhou was 39.11%. The prevalence of caries increased significantly with age. The prevalence of caries in the 5-year-old group was the highest (45.03%, χ2 = 7.485, P <0.05) 2 molar, filling rate of 21.31%; sugar intake and frequency, not brushing teeth before going to bed is a risk factor for caries, fluoride-containing foam and parents oral hygiene knowledge and behavior are protective factors; comprehensive intervention, the intervention group The new caries rate was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the filling rate was significantly higher than that of the control group (P <0.01). The intervention group was better than the control group in respect of compliance behavior, brushing knowledge and behavior correct rate (P <0.05). Conclusion Caries in children with carbohydrate intake and frequency, not brushing before going to bed is closely related to the comprehensive intervention for the prevention and treatment of dental caries in children, but the pit and fissure to be closed to be strengthened.