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一、基础教育概况加拿大联邦由十个省和三个特区组成,领土997万平方公里,全国人口3130多万,其中80%居住在城镇,20%分布在乡村地区。全国三级政府(联邦、省和市镇)对教育,包括小学、中学直至大学教育均负有责任,但最直接最主要的责任在省级政府。1867年制订的英国北美自治法(相当于加拿大第一部宪法)和1982年制订的加拿大宪法均规定“各省的立法机构是惟一为该省教育制定法规的部门”,从法律上规定了各省对中学和小学(包括幼儿园,称为K-12学制)教育拥有管理和财政支持的权力和责任;各省议会为教育立法,省政府教育部(有的省同时还设有高等教育部)负责执行;联邦政府不设教育
I. Basic Education Overview The Canadian federal government consists of 10 provinces and three special economic zones with a total area of 9,900,000 square kilometers and a population of over 31,300,000, of whom 80% live in cities and towns and 20% in rural areas. Three levels of government (federal, provincial and municipal) are responsible for education, including primary and secondary education up to university education, but the most direct and primary responsibility lies with the provincial government. The 1867 autonomy law of North America (equivalent to the first constitution of Canada) and the constitution of Canada enacted in 1982 all stipulated that “the legislature of each province is the only department that has laws and regulations for the province’s education” Secondary schools and primary schools (including kindergartens, known as the K-12 system) have the power and responsibility to manage and finance education; provincial councils are responsible for enforcing education legislation and provincial ministries of education (some provinces also have higher education ministries); The federal government does not have education