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探讨遮阴对玉米穗部特性的影响及其产量效应,可以为应对气候变化与密植栽培条件下的玉米品种选育和高产栽培提供参考依据.本研究选用2个品种(紧凑型‘中单909’、平展型‘内单4’)和2个种植密度(4.5、9.0万株·hm~(-2)),在吉林省公主岭市开展田间遮阴试验,设置遮阴(遮阴度65%,小喇叭口期-成熟期)和不遮阴(对照)2个处理,研究遮阴和种植密度对不同株型玉米的穗部发育和植株生产力的影响.结果表明:遮阴显著影响春玉米雌穗发育,造成散粉和吐丝期推迟,导致散粉吐丝间隔期延长3~15 d;遮阴显著降低春玉米干物质积累,籽粒产量下降50%以上(50.8%~87.0%);密植条件下春玉米穗部特性和产量性能受遮阴的影响显著高于稀植栽培;不同玉米品种相比,紧凑型品种的穗部特性和产量受遮阴和种植密度的影响低于平展型品种,紧凑型品种对生态环境变化的适应性较强,耐阴性和耐密性表现出一致性.
To investigate the effects of shading on the characteristics of maize ears and their yield effects could provide a reference for breeding and high-yielding maize under climate change and close planting conditions.In this study, two cultivars (compact ’Zhongdan 909 ’, Flat type’ single 4 ’) and two planting densities (45,900 plants · hm -2), field shading test was carried out in Gongzhuling City, Jilin Province, shading (shading degree 65% , Small trumpet stage - mature stage) and shading (control) treatments on shading development and plant productivity of shading maize were studied.The results showed that shading affected maize The development of panicle sprouts caused the loose powder and silking stage to be delayed, resulting in the prolonged interval of silking of scattered silique by 3-15 days. Shading significantly reduced the dry matter accumulation of spring maize, and the grain yield decreased by 50% (50.8% -87.0%). The ear characteristics and yield performance of spring maize under shading were significantly higher than those under sparse planting. Comparing different maize varieties, ear characteristics and yield of compact maize were less affected by shading and planting density than those with flat type, Compact varieties of adaptability to changes in the ecological environment, anti-negative and Consistency of tightness.