一、前言 随着工业迅猛发展,海洋油输送量逐年增长,由此给占地球表面71％的海洋带来严重的油污染威胁。海洋油污染发生的次数约占所有海洋污染次数的80％。特别是1967年英吉利海峡“Torrey Canyon”油轮触礁,溢油117000t;1973年8月法国布列塔尼亚半岛“Amoco Cadiz”油轮触礁,溢油220000t,这两起震惊世界的油污染事故发生以后,油污染成了国际关注的问题。近十多年来海洋油污 I. Introduction With the rapid development of industry, the transportation volume of marine oil has been increasing year by year, thus posing serious oil pollution threat to 71% of the oceans on the earth’s surface. Marine oil pollution occurs about 80% of all marine pollution. In particular, in 1967, the Torrey Canyon tanker hit the reef with an oil spill of 117,000 tons. In August 1973, the Amoco Cadiz tanker in the Britania Peninsula hit a rock with an oil spill of 220,000 tons. After the oil pollution accident that hit the world was shocked, Oil pollution has become a matter of international concern. Sea oil over the past decade or so