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目的了解临淄区麻疹流行病学特征,加速控制麻疹。方法对临淄区1962-2008年麻疹发病情况进行了流行病学分析。结果发病有明显不同的两个阶段:1962-1984年麻疹发病呈高发状态,具有明显的周期性,每隔2-3年出现1个发病高峰,整个流行呈阶梯形下降态势;1985-2008年发病呈低发状态,其发病率波动在0.16/10万-20.88/10万,流行模式为散发和爆发并存,以爆发为主,局部麻疹爆发影响着全区的发病水平;2-6月为麻疹的高发季节。不同时期麻疹发病年龄分布提示,发病年龄后移。对麻疹病例的免疫史表明,32.11%未接种麻疹疫苗(MV),25.00%免疫史不详。结论今后加速控制麻疹应继续加强MV的常规免疫,提高MV的初种、复种覆盖率和有效接种率;在全区范围适时开展MV强化免疫;加大学校等人群聚集单位的强化免疫;加强麻疹监测和报告;对疫点及时进行应急处置,防止麻疹爆发。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Linzi district and to speed up the control of measles. Methods Epidemiological analysis of the incidence of measles in Linzi District from 1962 to 2008 was conducted. Results There were two distinct stages of morbidity: the incidence of measles was high in 1962-1984, with obvious periodicity, with an incidence peak every 2-3 years and a decline in the overall epidemic with a ladder-like pattern. In 1985-2008 The incidence was low, the incidence of fluctuations in the 0.16 / 100000 -20.88 / 100 000, the epidemic mode for the coexistence of eruptions and outbreaks, mainly to the outbreak, local measles outbreaks affect the incidence of the region; 2-6 month High season of measles. The age distribution of measles in different periods suggests that the age of onset is shifted. The history of immunization against measles cases showed that 32.11% of the unvaccinated measles vaccine (MV) did not have a history of 25.00% immunization. Conclusions In the future, the accelerated measles control should continue to strengthen routine immunization of MVs, improve the coverage of primary and multiple cropping coverage and effective immunization rate of MVs, strengthen the timely immunization of MVs in the whole region, intensify the intensive immunization of gathering units such as schools and other groups, Monitoring and reporting; promptly deal with the epidemic point to prevent the outbreak of measles.