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基于黄土高原半干旱区1988—2008年马铃薯生长发育定位观测资料、2007—2008年加密观测和1957—2008年地面气象观测资料,研究了气候变化对马铃薯生长发育的影响.结果表明:1957—2008年,研究区年降水量呈下降趋势,降水量变化曲线线性拟合倾向率为-13.359mm.(10a)-1;年均气温呈上升趋势,年均气温变化曲线线性拟合倾向率为0.239℃.(10a)-1;作物生长季干燥指数呈显著上升趋势,干燥指数变化曲线线性拟合倾向率为0.102.(10a)-1.从播种后第96天开始,马铃薯块茎由缓慢生长转为迅速生长,在播种后第110天,马铃薯块茎的生长速度达最大;从播种后第124天开始,马铃薯块茎从迅速生长又转为缓慢生长.从播种至出苗期的间隔日数为每10年缩短1～2d,花序形成至采收期和全生育期的间隔日数均为每10年延长9～10d.气候变暖导致马铃薯生育前期的营养生长阶段缩短以及生殖生长阶段和全生育期延长.
Based on the observation data of potato growth and development in the semi-arid region of Loess Plateau from 1988 to 2008, the data of 2007-2008 and ground surface meteorological observations from 1957 to 2008, the effects of climate change on the growth and development of potato were studied.The results showed that: Year, the annual precipitation in the study area showed a downward trend, and the linear fitting tendency rate of the precipitation curve was -13.359mm. (10a) -1; the average annual temperature showed an upward trend, and the linear fitted trend rate of annual average temperature was 0.239 ℃. (10a) -1. The drying index of the growing season showed a significant upward trend, and the linear fitting tendency of the drying index was 0.102. (10a) -1. From the 96th day after seeding, the potato tuber grew slowly In order to grow rapidly, the growth rate of potato tubers reached the maximum on the 110th day after sowing, and the tubers of potato changed from rapid growth to slow growth from the 124th day after sowing.The number of days from sowing to emergence was 10 years Shortened by 1 ~ 2d, the number of days between inflorescence formation and harvesting and whole growth period was prolonged by 9 ~ 10d every 10 years.Climate warming led to the shortening of vegetative growth stage and the reproductive growth stage Extension of education.