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目的:考察3-5岁儿童反事实思维的发展状况。方法:采用2个前提反事实任务,对96名儿童进行测试。结果:3岁儿童的表现显著差于4岁和5岁儿童,4岁儿童显著差于5岁儿童;上行反事实显著多于下行;加法反事实显著多于减法和替代。结论:3-5岁儿童能产生各种方向和结构的反事实论断,年龄是影响儿童反事实思维发展主要因素。
Objective: To investigate the development of anti-factual thinking in 3-5 years old children. Methods: Two prerequisite anti-factual tasks were used to test 96 children. Results: The performance of 3-year-old children was significantly worse than that of 4-year-old and 5-year-old children, while 4-year-old children were significantly worse than 5-year-old children. CONCLUSION: Children aged 3-5 years can produce counter-factual conclusions in various directions and structures. Age is the main factor that affects the development of children’s counterfactual thinking.