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目的探讨急诊晕厥的临床特点及病因。方法选择2009年1月—2011年1月急诊晕厥患者54例,通过查看接诊记录及入院病历,回顾性分析其临床特点、实验室检查结果及病因分类等情况。结果 43例首次发作,11例多次发作,所有患者均为突然发作。发作前12例出现头晕、黑蒙、大汗、胸闷、心悸等先兆症状,发作时14例出现不同程度身体擦伤,发作时或发作后17例出现血压偏低。所有患者入院后给予血液、心电图及神经系统等相关检查。神经介导性晕厥占40.7%,脑源性晕厥占20.4%,心源性晕厥占13.0%,直立性低血压性晕厥占7.4%,其他晕厥占7.4%,病因不清占11.1%。结论院前急救中对晕厥患者应给予严密的监护和观察,及时明确病因对晕厥的治疗和预后十分重要。
Objective To investigate the clinical features and etiology of emergency syncope. Methods From January 2009 to January 2011, 54 cases of emergency patients with syncope were retrospectively analyzed by examining the records of admissions and medical records, and the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and etiological classification were retrospectively analyzed. Results 43 cases of the first attack, 11 cases of multiple attacks, all patients were sudden onset. In the first 12 episodes, symptoms such as dizziness, darkness, sweating, chest tightness and heart palpitations were observed. In the seizures, 14 cases had different degrees of body bruising during the attack, and 17 cases had low blood pressure during or after the attack. After admission, all patients were given blood, electrocardiogram and nervous system related tests. Nerve-mediated syncope accounted for 40.7%, brain-derived syncope accounted for 20.4%, cardiogenic syncope accounted for 13.0%, orthostatic hypotension syncope accounted for 7.4%, other syncope accounted for 7.4%, etiology accounted for 11.1%. Conclusions Prehospital first aid should be closely monitored and observed in patients with syncope. It is very important to clarify the cause in time for the treatment and prognosis of syncope.