土壤耕作的根本目的在于改善耕作层的土壤结构,促进土壤微生物的活动,调节耕层中水、肥、气、热四大生活要素之间的关系,从而给农作物的生育准备良好的环境,为农作物的高产创造有利的条件。为了达到这个目的,在长期的农业生产过程中人们从未停止过对土壤耕作法的探索。由于生产力发展水平的限制,土壤耕作先经历了一段由不耕到少耕的漫长的发展历程。但是,从本世纪初叶以来,随着农用动力机和机引农具的发明与改进,在短短的几十年间,土壤耕作又经历了一段由少耕到多耕的过程。我国国营农场从五十年代初大规模创建以来,由于一开始就拥有比较先进的田间作业机械,在吸收了当地农民多年耕作经验的基础上,逐步形成了自己的一套土壤耕作制度。全国各垦区的自然条件 The fundamental purpose of soil cultivation is to improve the soil structure of the tillage layer, promote the activities of soil microorganisms, and adjust the relationship between the four living elements of water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the tillage so as to prepare a good environment for crop growth. High yields of crops create favorable conditions. In order to achieve this goal, people have never stopped exploring soil cultivation in the long run of agricultural production. Due to the limited level of productivity development, soil cultivation has undergone a long course of development from no plowing to less cultivation. However, since the beginning of this century, with the invention and improvement of agricultural power machines and machine tools, soil tillage has gone through a period from less to more tillage in just a few decades. Since the state-owned farms were founded on a large scale in the early 1950s, they have had more advanced farm machinery from the very beginning and have gradually developed their own set of soil cultivation systems based on years of farming experience of local peasants. The natural conditions of all reclamation areas nationwide