洞穴遗址是我国古代先民遗留下的最古老的居住形式,多数旧石器时代的居址都存在于洞穴之中,如北京山顶洞、江西万年仙人洞、辽宁营口金牛山等。这种居住方式为旧石器时代的先民提供了基本安全保障,也是原始人类适应自然环境的结果。北京山顶洞和江西万年仙人洞等还出现了洞口为居住区,洞内深处为墓葬区的布局。到了新石器时代,随着人们的居住方式的进步,南方出现了干栏式建筑,北方则出现了半地穴式房屋,人们的居住水平发生了质的变化,于是,一些洞穴就由原来废弃的居 The cave site is the oldest living form left by ancient ancestors in our country. Most Palaeolithic sites exist in caves, such as Beijing Top Cave, Jiangxi Wannian Fairy Cave and Liaoning Yingkou Jinniushan. This way of living provides basic safety and security for the ancestors of the Paleolithic and is the result of adaptation of the primitive human to the natural environment. Beijing Top Cave and Jiangxi Wannian immortal hole also appeared for the residential area, the depths of the cave for the layout of the tomb area. In the Neolithic Age, with the improvement of people’s living style, dry-type buildings appeared in the south, half-cave houses appeared in the north, and people’s living standards had undergone qualitative changes. As a result, some caves were abandoned Habitat