铁及其化合物粉尘分布行业及工种广泛,其职业暴露主要分布在铁矿开采、机械铸造、钢铁冶炼、氧化铁或含铁颜料生产、磁性材料生产等行业。不同行业铁及其化合物暴露水平变化差异较大。铁及其化合物粉尘职业暴露主要导致呼吸系统损害,如肺癌和铁尘肺沉着症等,铁尘肺沉着症具有特定临床症状和X线特征。铁及其化合物粉尘导致肺部纤维化与细胞毒性及氧化应激反应有关,并作为辅助致癌剂参与致癌过程。铁尘肺沉着症的职业暴露资料需要进一步补充,相关诊断标准和职业接触限值亟需制定。铁及其化合物粉尘职业暴露引起的呼吸系统损害机理需要进一步研究。 Iron and its compounds are widely distributed in dust trades and industries. Their occupational exposures are mainly found in iron ore mining, machinery casting, iron and steel smelting, iron oxide or iron-containing pigment production and magnetic material production. Different industries vary greatly in the level of exposure to iron and its compounds. Occupational exposure to iron and its compounds dust primarily causes respiratory damage, such as lung cancer and iron pneumoconiosis, which have specific clinical symptoms and X-ray signs. Iron and its compounds lead to pulmonary fibrosis in lung fibrosis and cytotoxicity and oxidative stress response, and as a secondary carcinogen involved in carcinogenic processes. Occupational exposure data for iron-precipitated pneumoconiosis need to be further supplemented and relevant diagnostic criteria and occupational exposure limits need to be developed. The mechanism of respiratory damage caused by occupational exposure to iron and its compounds requires further study.