本文以许寿裳为中心,利用近年来海峡两岸出版的许寿裳日记、书信、文稿、档案等第一手资料,重点考察在1945年前后许寿裳对日本的认识及其所作所为。文章认为,许寿裳作为一个具有重要影响力的“知日派”学者,不论是抗日战争期间还是抗战胜利后在台湾重建中华文化的时候,他对日本发动的侵华战争及其对台湾长达50年的殖民统治始终充满着强烈的民族义愤,同时他又是一个具有广阔视野的爱国知识分子,提出在台湾重建中华文化的同时还要注意接收日本留下的学术研究成果。许寿裳的认识并不是他个人的思考,而是代表当时一批中国知识分子包括“知日派”学者的共同看法,部分呈现了当时中国历史发展的艰难历程。 This article takes Xu Shoushang as the center and makes use of the first-hand materials such as Xu Shoushang diary, letters, manuscripts and archives published in both sides of the Taiwan Strait in recent years to focus on Xu Shuxian’s understanding of Japan and his actions before and after 1945. The article holds that Xu Shoushang, as one of the most influential “scholars of Japan” scholars, was not only during the Anti-Japanese War, but also as the reconstruction of Chinese culture in Taiwan after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. His war against Japan and its long war against Taiwan The 50-year colonial rule has always been filled with strong national indignation. At the same time, he is also a patriotic intellectual with a broad vision. He proposes that while rebuilding the Chinese culture in Taiwan, it should also pay attention to receiving the academic achievements left by Japan. Xu Shoushang’s understanding is not his personal thinking, but rather represents a common view of a group of Chinese intellectuals at the time, including the “Japanese-Japanese” scholars, partly showing the difficult course of historical development in China at the time.