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本文提出了以水稻植株的形态特征—顶叶与下一叶的叶环距——为指标,来判断植株进入花粉母细胞减数分裂期的适宜辐照时间和适宜的处理剂量。水稻花粉母细胞发育阶段不同,对辐射的敏感性也各异。以花粉母细胞形成期最敏感,减数分裂期次之,单核至三核期再次之。但辐射诱变的效果则以减数分裂期最好,其次是单核至三核期,再次是花粉母细胞形成期。水稻植株减数分裂期辐射诱变M_1代出现的染色体变异和早熟、矮秆、抗病等性状的变异频率均较辐射干种子的为高。本文对辐射处理后各世代的选择方法也提出了初步意见。
In this paper, the appropriate irradiation time and appropriate treatment dose for plant entering meiosis stage of pollen mother cells were proposed based on morphological characteristics of rice plants - leaf ring distance between the top and the next leaves. Rice pollen mother cell development stage is different, the sensitivity of radiation are also different. Pollen mother cells in the formation of the most sensitive, followed by meiosis, mononuclear to three nuclear again. However, the effect of radiation mutagenesis was the best in meiosis, followed by mononuclear to trinuclear phase, and again the formation of pollen mother cells. The frequency of chromosome aberration and early maturity, dwarf, disease resistance and other characters appeared in M_1 generation of rice plants during meiosis stage were higher than those of radish seeds. This article also put forward preliminary opinions on the selection methods of each generation after radiation treatment.