[1983年10月至1984年6月译者在法国波尔多市Pellegrin医院耳鼻喉科学习。主任教授Portmann先生专长耳科,译者除学习耳科外,又着重了喉科学习,导师Verhulst先生专长发音外科,法国名为phono-chirurgien;Dalleas先生专长语音矫正,法国名为phoniatre,二人各有所长,互相配合。本文是他们二人合著,也是他们对发音困难的观点和门诊常规检查的方法。请参阅附录。] [October 1983 to June 1984 translator otolaryngology at Pellegrin Hospital in Bordeaux, France. Mr. Portmann specializes in otology, translator addition to learning otolaryngology, but also focuses on the study of laryngology, instructor Verhulst specializes in vocal surgery, the French phono-chirurgien; Mr. Dalleas specializes in phonological correction, the French phoniatre, two Each has its own strengths, complement each other. This article is co-authored by both of them and is also their way of speaking hard and routinely examining an outpatient. Please refer to the appendix. ]