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产能过剩即生产能力过剩,是市场经济条件下的正常现象,但在行业供给普遍过剩状况下,企业仍然不断投资进入,以致国家不断出台抑制政策,仍属于特殊现象。产能的变动幅度与生产要素投入中的固定资本所占比重有关。在劳动密集型行业,当市场需求减少时,企业可以通过辞退工人调节生产能力,从而最大限度地减少损失。但在资本密集型行业,固定资本投入的专用性及其庞大的折旧使企业固定成本处于很高的水平,市场需求的减少带来企业产品成本水平的进一步提高,在成本上升和产品价格下降的双重压制下, 企业经营普遍处于亏损状态。
Overcapacity, that is, overcapacity in production, is a normal phenomenon under market economy. However, under the conditions of over-supply in the industry, enterprises continue to invest and enter the country. As a result, the country continues to issue repressive policies and is still a special phenomenon. The rate of change of capacity is related to the share of fixed capital in the input of production factors. In labor-intensive industries, when market demand declines, companies can adjust their productivity by dismissing workers to minimize losses. However, in the capital-intensive industries, the specialization of fixed capital investment and its huge depreciation make the fixed costs of the enterprises at a very high level. The reduction of market demand leads to the further improvement of the enterprise product cost level. As the cost rises and the price of the products declines Under the dual repression, corporate management is generally at a loss.