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定语从句是初中的一个重要语法项目,近年来中考考查定语从句主要侧重于引导定语从句的关系代词that, who, whose, whom, which及关系副词when, where, why等的用法。下面结合近年全国各地中考试题对定语从句的考查热点作一梳理,希望对同学们复习迎考有点帮助。
[考点之一] 考查关系代词的选用
[考点归纳] 引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, which, whose, that。其中关系代词who, whom用于人,在从句中分别作主语和宾语;which用于物,在从句中作介词宾语或主语;whose在从句中作定语,可指人或物;that既可指人,也可指物,在从句中可作主语或宾语。
[体验中考]
1. —Do you know Hong Zhanhui?
—Yes. He’s the college student ________ has moved Chinese people a lot. (2006年河南)
A. who B. which C. what D. whom
[解析] 选A。先行词the college student表示人,在定语从句中作主语,关系代词应用that或who,且不可省略。
2. The young lady ________ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher. (2005年天津)
A. what B. whose C. whomD. which
[解析] 选C。先行词the young lady表示人,在定语从句中作宾语,关系代词常用whom, that或who,且在多数情况下可省略。
3. Do you know the young lady ________ your mother is talking? (2005年黄石)
A. whoB. whom C. with whomD. which
[解析] 选C。先行词the young lady表示人,在定语从句中作宾语,关系代词应用that, who或whom,但who的前面不能有介词,如果带介词,则必须用whom,即“介词 whom”结构。
4. I’d like to tell you the table manners ________ you should know when you visit Korea. (2006年山西)
A. whichB. who C. what
[解析] 选A。先行词the table manners表示物,在定语从句中作宾语,关系代词应用that或which。
5. —Do you like the red car ________ is made in Tianjin?
—Sure, it looks terrific. (2006年大连)
A. where B. who C. whichD. when
[解析] 选C。先行词the red car表示物,在定语从句中作主语,关系代词应用that或which。
6. He is one of the experienced engineers in this factory________ hard work was repaid with the development of the factory. (2006年兰州)
A. where B. whose C. in which D. that
[解析] 选B。先行词不是factory而是engineers,表示人,且在定语从句中作定语,关系代词应用whose。
7. Rosa likes music ________ is quiet and gentle. (2006年北京)
A. when B. that C. whereD. who
[解析] 选B。先行词music表示物,在定语从句中作主语,关系代词应用that或which。
8. My parents usually buy me some simple clothes ________ can last a long time. (2006年长春)
A. whoB. that C. whom D. whose
[解析] 选B。先行词some simple clothes表示物,在定语从句中作主语,关系代词应用that或which。
9. There are lots of things ________ I need to do before I leave tonight. (2006年漳州)
A. that B. who C. why D. what
[解析] 选A。先行词things表示物,关系代词在从句中作宾语,关系代词应用that或which。
10. My necklace is not the only thing ________ is missing. (2004年黄冈)
A. thatB. / C. whichD. who
[解析] 选A。先行词thing表示物,关系代词在从句中作主语,关系代词应用that或which。但是,当先行词被the only, the last, the same, the very等词修饰时,关系代词只能用that。
[考点之二] 考查关系代词的省略
[考点归纳] 关系代词作宾语时,多可省略,但作主语时,不能省略。
[体验中考]
The book ________ he bought yesterday is very interesting. (2006年河北)
A. 不填B. whyC. whenD. what
[解析] 选A。先行词是the book,关系代词应用that或which,又因为关系代词在从句中作宾语,可以省略。
[考点之三] 考查关系副词的选用
[考点归纳] 引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where和why。其中when在定语从句中充当时间状语,where充当地点状语,why充当原因状语。
[体验中考]
This is the place ________the old man lived last year. (2006年贵州)
A. when B. whereC. that
[解析] 选B。先行词the place是一个地点名词,且在从句中作地点状语。
综上所述,选择关系代词与关系副词的关键取决于关系词在从句中所担当的成分:如果关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语,只能用关系代词;如果关系词在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语,则用关系副词。
[考点之一] 考查关系代词的选用
[考点归纳] 引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, which, whose, that。其中关系代词who, whom用于人,在从句中分别作主语和宾语;which用于物,在从句中作介词宾语或主语;whose在从句中作定语,可指人或物;that既可指人,也可指物,在从句中可作主语或宾语。
[体验中考]
1. —Do you know Hong Zhanhui?
—Yes. He’s the college student ________ has moved Chinese people a lot. (2006年河南)
A. who B. which C. what D. whom
[解析] 选A。先行词the college student表示人,在定语从句中作主语,关系代词应用that或who,且不可省略。
2. The young lady ________ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher. (2005年天津)
A. what B. whose C. whomD. which
[解析] 选C。先行词the young lady表示人,在定语从句中作宾语,关系代词常用whom, that或who,且在多数情况下可省略。
3. Do you know the young lady ________ your mother is talking? (2005年黄石)
A. whoB. whom C. with whomD. which
[解析] 选C。先行词the young lady表示人,在定语从句中作宾语,关系代词应用that, who或whom,但who的前面不能有介词,如果带介词,则必须用whom,即“介词 whom”结构。
4. I’d like to tell you the table manners ________ you should know when you visit Korea. (2006年山西)
A. whichB. who C. what
[解析] 选A。先行词the table manners表示物,在定语从句中作宾语,关系代词应用that或which。
5. —Do you like the red car ________ is made in Tianjin?
—Sure, it looks terrific. (2006年大连)
A. where B. who C. whichD. when
[解析] 选C。先行词the red car表示物,在定语从句中作主语,关系代词应用that或which。
6. He is one of the experienced engineers in this factory________ hard work was repaid with the development of the factory. (2006年兰州)
A. where B. whose C. in which D. that
[解析] 选B。先行词不是factory而是engineers,表示人,且在定语从句中作定语,关系代词应用whose。
7. Rosa likes music ________ is quiet and gentle. (2006年北京)
A. when B. that C. whereD. who
[解析] 选B。先行词music表示物,在定语从句中作主语,关系代词应用that或which。
8. My parents usually buy me some simple clothes ________ can last a long time. (2006年长春)
A. whoB. that C. whom D. whose
[解析] 选B。先行词some simple clothes表示物,在定语从句中作主语,关系代词应用that或which。
9. There are lots of things ________ I need to do before I leave tonight. (2006年漳州)
A. that B. who C. why D. what
[解析] 选A。先行词things表示物,关系代词在从句中作宾语,关系代词应用that或which。
10. My necklace is not the only thing ________ is missing. (2004年黄冈)
A. thatB. / C. whichD. who
[解析] 选A。先行词thing表示物,关系代词在从句中作主语,关系代词应用that或which。但是,当先行词被the only, the last, the same, the very等词修饰时,关系代词只能用that。
[考点之二] 考查关系代词的省略
[考点归纳] 关系代词作宾语时,多可省略,但作主语时,不能省略。
[体验中考]
The book ________ he bought yesterday is very interesting. (2006年河北)
A. 不填B. whyC. whenD. what
[解析] 选A。先行词是the book,关系代词应用that或which,又因为关系代词在从句中作宾语,可以省略。
[考点之三] 考查关系副词的选用
[考点归纳] 引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where和why。其中when在定语从句中充当时间状语,where充当地点状语,why充当原因状语。
[体验中考]
This is the place ________the old man lived last year. (2006年贵州)
A. when B. whereC. that
[解析] 选B。先行词the place是一个地点名词,且在从句中作地点状语。
综上所述,选择关系代词与关系副词的关键取决于关系词在从句中所担当的成分:如果关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语,只能用关系代词;如果关系词在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语,则用关系副词。