门脉高压症,无论是肝上的(如缩窄性心包炎、布一查综合征)、肝内的(如肝硬化)、肝下的(如门静脉血栓形成)均可引起食道静脉曲张。食管胃底静脉曲张破裂大出血为常见的急症。据北京市5,191例消化道大出血的病因统计,肝硬化居第二位。以往病死率较高,约33～48%,死亡原因多为出血性休克及出血后肝昏迷。近年来由于注意了抢救,病死率 Portal hypertension, both on the liver (such as constrictive pericarditis, cloth check syndrome), liver (such as cirrhosis), liver (such as portal vein thrombosis) can cause esophageal varices. Esophageal varices bleeding is a common emergency. According to the etiology of 5,191 cases of gastrointestinal bleeding in Beijing, cirrhosis ranks second. In the past a higher case fatality rate, about 33 ~ 48%, mostly due to hemorrhagic shock and bleeding after hepatic coma. In recent years due to the attention of the rescue, fatality rate