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去分化脂肪(Dedifferentiated fat,DFAT)细胞是由人体内含量最丰富的成熟脂肪细胞经体外天花板法培养去分化而来。研究发现:DFAT细胞具有均一性高、对供者年龄要求较低等脂肪来源干细胞(Adipose-derived stem cells,ASCs)和骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)所不具有的优势。此外,它还具有体内外成脂、成软骨、成骨、成肌、成神经等多向分化能力以及免疫调节能力。作为具有潜力的组织工程及同种异体干细胞移植的优秀种子细胞,DFAT细胞在治疗骨缺损、神经性疾病、局部缺血性心脏病及肾脏疾病等方面均具有较好的应用前景,对其开展深入的研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。文中从免疫学性质、多向分化能力及临床应用潜力等方面对DFAT细胞的研究进展作一综述。
Dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells are dedifferentiated from the most abundant mature adipocytes in the human body by an in vitro ceiling method. The study found that DFAT cells have the advantages of high homogeneity, low Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) . In addition, it also has adipogenic, cartilage, osteogenic, myogenic, neuronal and other multi-directional differentiation ability and immune regulation ability in vivo and in vitro. As a promising seed cell with potential for tissue engineering and allogeneic stem cell transplantation, DFAT cells have good application prospects in the treatment of bone defects, neurological diseases, ischemic heart diseases and kidney diseases, etc. In-depth research has important theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, the research progress of DFAT cells from immunological characteristics, multi-directional differentiation ability and clinical potential are reviewed.