职业危害或职业病的发生与很多因素有关,诸如生产过程中产生的有害因素、劳动过程中的有害因素以及生产环境中的有害因素。更新机械设备,改进工艺流程,加强个人防护,引起各级重视(即一级预防),是减少和杜绝职业危害或职业病发生行之有效的措施。然而这些措施费用较大,企业不堪承受,其资金投入往往失之偏颇,难以付诸实施,因此,广泛开展职业病的普查工作(即定期对从事有毒、有害作业工人进行健康检查,建立职工健康监护档案。)可以做到早期发现、早期诊断、早期治疗(即二级预防),利用职业流行病学的观点和方法,追踪观察职业病的“三间”分布(空间、人间、时间),总结成功经验,提出防治方案。我站劳动卫生科认准这一原则,踏实迈出了这一步,使我市的职业病总发病率由1986年的81.9/10万,下降到1992年的2.9/10万。 Occurrence of occupational hazards or occupational diseases and many factors, such as the production process of harmful factors, the harmful factors in the process of work and the production environment. Updating machinery and equipment, improving process flow, strengthening personal protection and arousing attention at all levels (ie primary prevention) are effective measures to reduce or eliminate occupational hazards or occupational diseases. However, these measures are more costly and unaffordable to enterprises. Their capital investment is often biased and difficult to put into practice. Therefore, the general survey of occupational diseases has been carried out (that is, regular health inspections of workers engaged in toxic and harmful activities and establishment of staff health guardianship File.) You can do early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment (ie, secondary prevention), using occupational epidemiological perspectives and methods to track the “three” distribution of occupational diseases (space, earth, time) Experience, put forward prevention and treatment plan. As soon as I recognized the principle of the Department of Labor and Health, I took this step steadily and steadily to reduce the overall incidence of occupational diseases in our city from 81.9 / 100,000 in 1986 to 2.9 / 100,000 in 1992.