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目的:研究唇腭裂患儿听力损失的特点。方法:对68例(136耳)腭裂、70例(140耳)唇腭裂患儿进行ABR测试,均按年龄分为3组(<6个月,6~12个月,13~24个月),并与80例(160耳)同样分为3组的正常对照组儿童进行比较。结果:91.9%腭裂及89.3%唇腭裂患儿存在听力障碍,且大部分为中重度听力障碍.,其各波潜伏期及反应阈值均较正常儿童明显延长和增加,12个月以下腭裂、唇腭裂患儿其Ⅰ~Ⅴ波波间期与正常儿童比较差异无统计学意义,13~24个月腭裂、唇腭裂患儿其Ⅰ~Ⅴ波波间期与正常儿童比较差异有统计学意义。腭裂与唇腭裂患儿比较差异无统计学意义,两组患儿听觉阈值均随年龄的增长而降低。腭裂患儿Ⅴ波引出率及唇腭裂患儿Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波引出率均随年龄增大而提高。结论:大部分唇腭裂患儿存在听力障碍,因此要早期发现,及时治疗和干预,但由于婴幼儿的中枢神经系统还处于一个不断发育成熟的阶段,所以需要动态的听力客观评估。
Objective: To study the characteristics of hearing loss in children with cleft lip and palate. Methods: ABR test was performed on 68 cases (136 ears) of cleft palate and 70 cases (140 ears) of cleft lip and palate. All patients were divided into 3 groups according to their age (<6 months, 6-12 months, 13-24 months) , And compared with 80 cases (160 ears) of the same control group children equally divided into 3 groups. Results: 91.9% of cleft palate and 89.3% of children with cleft lip and palate had hearing impairment, and most of them had moderate or severe hearing impairment.The latency and response threshold of each wave were obviously prolonged and increased compared with those of normal children. Cleft palate, cleft lip and palate There was no significant difference between Ⅰ ~ Ⅴ wave interval and normal children in children. There was significant difference between Ⅰ ~ Ⅴ wave interval in children with cleft palate and cleft lip and palate between 13 ~ 24 months and normal children. Cleft palate and cleft lip and palate children with no significant difference between the two groups of children with hearing thresholds decreased with age. Ⅴ wave induced rate of children with cleft palate and cleft lip and palate children Ⅰ, Ⅲ, Ⅴ wave lead rate increased with age increased. CONCLUSIONS: Most children with cleft lip and palate have hearing impairment. Therefore, early detection, timely treatment and intervention are needed. However, since the central nervous system of infants and young children is still in a maturing stage, dynamic audiological assessment is needed.