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目的了解急性亚硝酸盐食物中毒的流行病学特征。方法运用现场流行病学对暴露人群进行调查,对病例吐泻物、可疑剩余食物、调味品用分光光度法进行亚硝酸盐检测,应用EpiInfo软件进行图表绘制和数据的录入与分析。结果确认中毒者85例,其中死亡1例,男27例,女58例,男女性别比为1:2.15,且男女学生发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);发病年龄8~28岁;学生占病例数的94.12%,初中生发病率(4.08%)高于高中生(1.41%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。临床症状以嘴唇发绀、头晕为主,病例发病时间集中,有共同进食史、且分别进食不同食物而发病,在2份患者呕吐物、3份剩余食物和2份调味品中检出亚硝酸盐含量严重超标。结论该事件为一起因误食亚硝酸盐引起的急性食物中毒事件,具有起病急、潜伏期短、临床症状重、学生病例多、点源式暴发、食用可疑中毒食物明显、污染物来源清楚女学生发病明显高于男学生初中生发病明显高于高中生等特征。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of acute nitrite food poisoning. Methods The epidemiology was used to investigate the exposed population. Nitrite was detected spectrophotometrically for cases of vomitus, suspicious leftover food and condiments. EpiInfo software was used for charting and data entry and analysis. The results confirmed that poisoning in 85 cases, of which 1 died, 27 males and 58 females, male to female ratio was 1: 2.15, and the incidence of male and female students was significantly different (P <0.01); the age of onset of 8 to 28 years ; Students accounted for 94.12% of cases, the incidence of junior high school students (4.08%) than high school students (1.41%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Clinical symptoms of cyanosis lips, dizziness, the incidence of illness focused on a common history of eating, and were eating different foods and disease, in 2 patients vomit, 3 remaining food and 2 condiments detected nitrite Serious content exceeded. Conclusions The incident was caused by acute food poisoning caused by eating nitrite, with acute onset, short incubation period, heavy clinical symptoms, multiple student cases, point-sourced outbreaks, obvious food consumption due to suspicious poisoning and clear sources of contaminants The incidence of students was significantly higher than the male students junior high school students was significantly higher than the incidence of high school students and other characteristics.