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为了构建永续观光发展评估架构,为威海国际海水浴场海水污染防治提供合理有序的理论依据。通过查找外文文献、实地调查以及实地采样分析,结果表明威海国际海水浴场近岸水体仍为Ⅰ类水质,水体环境较好,但是综合三年的数据分析发现,水体仍有污染趋势,据此根据旅游活动总结出人口相关、政府相关、基础设施相关、景区工作人员相关和景区承载量相关5项影响因子。通过问卷调查借助SPSS17.0软件进行因子分析,并对相关因子进行加权处理,发现景区承载量因子对海水的影响最大,其中又以近岸水体承载能力影响最为显著,其次为沙滩承载能力。最后通过文献查找及相关部门走访调查和实地调研,发现国际海水浴场正常日游客量为1298名游客时,极端游客量是3024名游客时,其生态环境容量为4000名游客时,服务环境容量为5600名游客每小时时。由于景区海滩受到工业向海水排污影响、生物群落对游客可能的干扰承载力弱、生态系统退化后恢复缓慢等原因,生态环境容量小于服务环境容量,会首先成为游客量逐年增加的限制因素,因而控制景区游客量,以符合其实际生态环境容纳量,是威海国际海水浴场水体防治的首要任务。
In order to build a sustainable tourism development evaluation framework, this paper provides a rational and orderly theoretical basis for the prevention and control of seawater pollution in Weihai International Bathing Beach. Through the investigation of foreign literature, field surveys and on-the-spot sampling analysis, the results show that the coastal waters of Weihai International Bathing Beach are still Class I water quality and the water environment is good. However, based on the data analysis for three years, there is still a tendency of water pollution, Tourism activities summed up the population-related, government-related, infrastructure-related, scenic area staff related to scenic spots and carrying capacity of the five impact factors. Through the questionnaire survey, the SPSS17.0 software was used to carry out factor analysis and the related factors were weighted. It was found that the carrying capacity factor of scenic spots had the greatest impact on seawater, of which the carrying capacity of coastal waters was the most significant, followed by the carrying capacity of sandy beaches. Finally, through the literature search and field investigation and field investigation, it is found that when the daily number of tourists in the international beach is 1298 tourists and the tourist volume is 3024 tourists, the service capacity of the environment is 5600 tourists hourly. Due to the fact that scenic beaches are affected by industrial water pollution, biological communities may have weak interference capacity to tourists and slow recovery after ecosystem degradation, the capacity of ecological environment is less than the capacity of service environment, which will firstly become the limiting factor for the increase of tourist volume year by year. It is the primary task of prevention and control of water bodies in Weihai International Bathing Beach to control the tourist volume of scenic spots in order to meet the capacity of its actual ecological environment.